Kata
Kerja
Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari
Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-rumus Tenses di blog
ini, Kata kerja atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi kalau V+ing
artinya sama dengan Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis sebagai “Ving” saja agar
mudah.
Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada
banyak bentuknya: V1, V2, V3, Ving.
Kata Kerja bentuk 1 atau saya
singkat V1, yaitu kata kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write, read,
participate, learn, study, dan sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk ke 2, sering
saya singkat V2. Kata kerja bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja bentuk ING atau
saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana cara menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja
tersebut? Ada di masing-masing pelajaran Tenses Bahasa Inggris.
Perubahan
Bentuk Kata Kerja
Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1
(V1) ke bentuk kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada yang beraturan (ada
rumusnya) dan ada juga yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya). Wah memamg
inilah yang membuat bahasa Inggris ini menjadi rumit bagi kita orang Indonesia,
haha.
Kata
Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):
Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan
bentuknya, ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED” seperti: live – lived –
lived, play, played, played.
Walaupun ada aturannya tetapi aturan
perubahan tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar kata kerja beraturan ini pun
panjang sekali. Saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar Bahasa Inggris
walaupun yang kecil dan sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang Anda mau
menulsinya disini satu per satu?.
Kata
Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):
Misalnya kata kerja “drink”
berturut-turut untuk bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk. Satu contoh lain
lagi: break-broke-broken
Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving?
Jangan lupa apa itu artinya ya, karena akan sering dipergunakan dalam setiap
tenses bahasa inggris
1. Present
Tense (Waktu Sekarang)
a. Simple
Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)
Rumus :
+ } S +
V1 + O/C
- } S +
Do/does + not + V1 + O/C
? }
Do/does + S + V1 + O/C
Example
:
+ }
Sisca Reads book everyday
- }
Sisca does not Read book everyday
? } does
Sisca Read book everyday
Yes He
does / No He does not (doesn’t)
For I,
We, You, They = do
He, She,
It = Does
Contoh
kalimat :
(+) She
is a new people here.
(+) He
plays football every morning
(-) She
isn’t a new people here.
(-) He
does not playing football every morning.
(?) Is
she a new people here?
(?) How
playing football every morning?
b.
Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)
Menerangkan
suatu perbuatan yabg sedang berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.
Rumus :
+ } S +
Be + V1 + ing +
O/C
>> + } They
are playing badmintoon now
- } S +
Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C
>> – } They
are not playing badmintoon now
? } Be +
S + V1 + ing +
O/C
>> ? } Are
they palaying badmintoon now ?
Yes They
are / no they are not
For I =
am
They,
we, you = are
He, She,
It = Is
Contoh
dalam kalimat :
(+) He
is playing badminton now
(-) He
isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is
he playing badminton now.
c.
Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb+main verb
Contoh :
(+) you
have eaten mine.
(-) she
has not been to Rome
(?) have
you finished?
d.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)
Rumus :
(+): S +
have/has + been + Ving
(-): S +
have/has + not + been + Ving
(?):
Have/has + S + been + Ving
Contoh :
(+) She
has been going to Malang since evening.
(+) We
have been riding a horse for three days
(-) She
hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.
(-) We
haven’t been riding a horse for three days.
(?) Has
she been going to Malang ?
(?) Have
He been riding a horse for three days ?
2.
Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)
a.
Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)
Rumus :
+}
S+Be+Was/Were+O/C
-}
S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C
?}
Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C
Example
:
+} We
were at school yesterday
-} We
were not at school yesterday
?} were
we at school yesterday ?
For I,
He, She, It = Was
They,
we, you = were
Contoh :
(+) I
saw a good film last night
(+) He
came here last month
(-) I
saw not a good film last night
(-) He
came not last month
(?) Saw
I a good film last night
(?) Came
He here last month
b.
Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)
Rumus :
(+): S +
was/were + Ving
(-): S +
was/were + NOT + Ving
(?):
Was/Were + S + Ving
Contoh :
(+) He
was watching television all afternoon last week
(+) They
were talking about sport when I met him
(-) He
wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week
(-) They
weren’t talking about sport when I met him
(?) Was
He watching television all afternoon last week
(?) Were
they talking about sport when I met him
c.
Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb HAVE+main verb
(+): S +
had + V3
(-): S +
had + not + V3
(?): Had
+ S + V3
Contoh :
(+) When
my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle
(+) The
ship had left before I arrived
(-) When
my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle
(-) The
ship hadn’t left before I arrived
(?) Had
I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?
(?) Had
the ship left before I arrived?
d.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) They
had been living there for two month
(+) When
they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton
(-) They
hadn’t been living there for two month
(-) When
they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton
(?) Had
they been living there for two month?
(?) When
they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?
3.
Future Tense (Akan Datang)
a.
Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb WILL+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I
will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he
will met girl friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will
he go to America next month?
(+)
President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(-)
President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(?)
Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?
b.
Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I
will be writing a comic.
(+) I
will be studying tomorrow night.
(-) I
will not writing a comic.
(-) I
will not be studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will
I be writing a comic ?
(?) Will
I be studying tomorrow night ?
c.
Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
Contoh :
(+)
Iwill havefinishedby 10am.
(+)
Youwill haveforgottenme by then.
(-)
Shewillnothavegoneto school.
(-)
Wewillnothaveleft.
(?)
Willyou havearrived?
(?)
Willthey havereceivedit?
d.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary
verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I
will have been reading a news paper.
(+) He
will have been listening music.
(-) I
will haven’t been reading a news paper.
(-) He
will haven’t listening a music.
(?) Will
I have been riding a news paper ?
(?) Will
He have listening a music ?
4.
Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
a.
Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif:
S + would + V1
Negatif:
S + would + not + V1
Tanya:
Would + S + V1
Contoh :
(+) He
would come if you invited him.
(+) They
would buy a home the previous day.
(-) He
wouldn’t come if invited him.
(-) They
wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.
(?)
Would He come if invited him ?
(?)
Would they buy a home the previous day ?
b.
Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif:
S + would + be + Ving
Negatif:
S + would + not + be + Ving
Tanya:
Would + S + be + Ving
Contoh :
(+) I
should be swimming at this time the following day.
(+) I
shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I
shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following day.
(-) I
shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(?)
Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?
(?)
Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?
c. Past
Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif:
S + would + have + V3
Negatif:
S + would + not + have + V3
Tanya:
Would + S + have + V3
Contoh :
(+) He
would have graduated if he had studies hard.
(+)
Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week.
(-) He
wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling
(-)
Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week
(?)
Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?
(?) Will
Nonok have studied month by the end of this week ?
d.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu
Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif:
S + would + have + been + Ving
Negatif:
S + would + not + have + been + Ving
Tanya:
Would + S + have + been + Ving
Contoh :
Rianawati
would have been speaking English for two years
(+) Mrs.
Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years
(+)
Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(-) Mrs.
Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year
(-)
Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years
(?)
Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?
(?)
Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?
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